Ethiopia Essay Example for Free

Ethiopia renderEthiopia is atomic number 53 of the oldest nations of this world, dating back to almost three hundred0 years BC. The recent bill of Ethiopia proves that it is a land which is goddamned with graphic and human miseries. Its geographic position also underlies the miserable state of affairs that this country has been finished in the recent olden. Taking inspiration from the air of human freedom which blew over the world in the twentieth century, Ethiopia has witnessed a change from the Marxist form of authoritarian governance to a free, emocratic form. The penetration of horse opera concepts of education, science and technology, which was truly(prenominal) fast in other third world countries like India and South Korea, is genuinely slow over here. Ethiopia is highly underdeveloped and virtuoso of the poorest country on this world beca subroutine of its geographic position, born(p) circumstances and human mistakes. Ethiopia is the land where the oldest huma n ancestors, dating back to almost 5 million years, utilize to exist.Today, it is a land-locked nation surrounded by countries like Sudan n the west, Kenya in the in the south, Somalia in the east and Eritrea in the northeasterly. With a natural land ara of about 43. 5 thousand squ be miles, it has a universe of about 75 million multitude, in 2005. Islam is the major religion followed by 45 to 50 portion of the population which has almost 9 ethnic groups and speaks more than 75 different languages. The literacy rate was 43% in 2003 and the GDP stood at $ 60. 34 billion.The per capita income was a meager $ 80 in 2005. only(prenominal) 11% of the total land is arable, and Platinum, Potash, Copper, natural gas and some traces of gold are its natural resources. Its exports touched $ 612 million in 2005 against a huge import bill of $ 2. 72 billion in 2005. The major industries of Ethiopia are cement, textiles, beverages, chemicals, and metallic element processing. In telecommuni cations, Ethiopia has 435 thousand main line users, followed by about 97 thousand cell yell users and 75 thousand internet users in 2003.The total rail network was of 681 kms in 2004, and the total exceed covered by the highways was bout 33 thousand kms. in 2002 ( Ethiopia ) The progress of any nation is subordinate on its agriculture, industrial output, infrastructure nurture and education. A strong miserliness is the biggest sign of a ruddy nation. The current status of Ethiopia, as revealed by the figures in the above paragraph, is really poor. This necessitates investigation of the recent past history of the nation, to judge upon the parameters which contributed to the current state of affairs.The recent history of Ethiopia reveals the political transition from a armament uthoritarian rule to a democratic country nation. It tells about the devastating shortfalls and the wars with Eritrea and the prolonged border dispute with it, and the multitude confrontation with Soma lia. In addition, Ethiopia witnessed frequent rebellions from within the country, demonstrating the high level of dissatisfaction of the people with the military ruler and his policies. The famine, the wars and the rebellions select resulted in loss of lives for millions of Ethiopians.This is the darkest spot on the recent history of Ethiopia. The major events in the recent history are briefly described in the following paragraphs. Famines Ethiopia witnessed two devastating famines in 1984 and 2002. BBC cites the words of gush Minister Zenavi, If the famine of 1984 was a nightmare, then this leave behind be too ghastly to contemplate. The 1984 famine killed near one million people. Another famine, much worse than that of 1984, struck the nation in 2002.Zenavi revealed to the BBC that nearly 15 million people face up starvation, and the international flushed cross estimated that $ 11 million were call for to aid the suffering people of Ethiopia in 2002. This BBC report also cites Georgia S supportr, the World Food design Director in Ethiopia, saying that about 14 million people needed food across the six countries in South Africa, the same number needs food in just one country, Ethiopia. Prime Minister Zenavi admits that they do not start any system to store the rain water.In the same report, BBC also cites Andrew Pendleton, Advisor to Christian aid to Ethiopia, s saying that Ethiopias continuing outside(prenominal) debt, which is almost 10% of the states revenues, is the biggest hurdle in its efforts to cope with the famines. ( Massive famine stalks Ethiopia) Ethiopia and Eritrea have been fighting for the past legion(predicate) decades. Eritrea gained its independence from Ethiopia in 1993, after a long guerrilla warfare. At this juncture, the border lines were never identified, marked or mapped.The dispute about the border resulted in frequent clashes, which heigh exed in 1998, resulting into a full fledged war or almost two years, till a paci fication treaty was signed amidst the two nations in 2000. This long, armed confrontation has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives on wither side, and ruptured the economies of some(prenominal) the nations. Almost 40 thousand soldiers have been killed in this war and armed troops to the number of 300 thousand remain engaged in guarding the 800 km border.All the civilians residing in the affected areas have fled, and two the armies are guarding empty villages. ( Pike John ) On the other hand, the warring factions of the Islamic fundamentalists have bony attention from both Ethiopia and Eritrea. While Eritrea supports one faction with arms and troops, with an intention to prompt them to attack Ethiopia from its south east border, Ethiopia supports the other faction in all ways possible, to counter the move. (Pike John ) Such never ending warlike occurrences have taken a in truth heavy toll on the learning of Ethiopia.The political status of Ethiopia has also undergone a sea-ch ange in the recent past. In 1974, the Emperor was overthrown by a military coup, and Col. Mengistu Haile Mariam became countrys ruler in 1977. The policies of the military rule were widely unpopular and umpteen rebellion groups became active in the country. These forces formed a coalition known as Ethiopian quite a littles Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) which took control over the capital city of Addis Ababa on 28 May 1991.A transitional charter was approved in 1991, and since then Ethiopia is a democratic republic country. ( autobiography, politics, administration) The events of the recent history of Ethiopia prove that the country is hit with chronic problems, and options before the government are very few. The complexity of the situation created by these problems is so complex that a permanent solution seems impossible. The government is faced with political, military, geographic, and economic problems, the magnitude of which is mind blowing.The situation is not only t ough, but seems to be so calamitous that only downward trend send packing be perceived with little or no hopes or improvement for a better future. The multiple characteristics of the problems, has almost ruptured the nation. It is beyond the scope of the government to handle the situation single handed. Ethiopia has been lucky to get the required aid from foreign countries, and international agencies.As a point of fact, Ethiopia has been able to counter the problems , largely due to these foreign aid, which very often is generous also. Many agencies are functional in Ethiopia to sustain the local government and the local population. The military rule during the 1970s and 80s tried to revamp the delivery by declaring radical measures. These measures vested total control of the economy in the hands of the state. nationalisation of all major industrial, financial and commercial companies took place in 1975. Villagization was one more, most unpopular leading from the military ru ler, under which people were compelled to move away from highland to lowland areas. The policy had to be throw away in 1986. The democratic rulers were more sensible in their approach. Ever since it came into existence in 1991, it has been facing many serious challenges. Its first success is in offering political stability and forming strategies which appeal to the foreign help agencies.While no tangible results are seen at the ground level so far, the democratic government has demonstrated its resolve to fight with the chronic problems, and pursue the helping hands to get help. Today, many agencies are working in close co-ordination with the government to help implement the various strategies. The economy is still very ragile, and weak, the condition of people is still miserable, but the efforts put in by the government and the foreign agencies in the recent years, is likely to bring better results in the future.For example the schools and colleges established in the last ten year s will present educated adults to the society after another 10 or 20 years. Strong development is not seen in any area not because the government or the people lack the will, but because of the enormity and complexity of the situation and the lack of resources to ackle them. The areas that need to be addressed on topmost priority are 1. Food Ethiopia needs to feed the millions of hungry people 2. Increase rural output maybe by improvement in ways of demesne. 3. Health care Increase health care facilities to reach the remote areas also. 4. Water and irrigation Water is a scarce commodity here, and technological advances have to be brought in to preserve water and utilize it appropriately. This is a very crucial sector which will help in fighting the devastating famines. 5. Reduction of poverty In 2003, about 44% of the estimated 67 million people of Ethiopia lived below the poverty line, according to a World Bank report. ( Ethiopia) 6.Strengthen the economy By devising and effe ctive implementation of schemes to increase the GDP and the Per Capita Income and decrease the huge gap amid export and import bills.These are the areas where the state has been lacking, to a great extent. It has only made a starting line by devising plans and schemes in conjunction with foreign agencies. The role of the state in the development of Ethiopia is very limited, because the state treasury is always burdened with other issues, and has little or nothing to spare for the development projects.The UNDP example, cited below proves this point. One of the many sectors in which UNDP works in Ethiopia is poverty reduction. Agricultural development is a priority area in this broadcast. It targets at 1. Promotion of access and utilization of technological improvements in farming and up gradation of facilities for result oriented research. 2. Use of ICT for agricultural information management by establishing connectivity between federal and regional states. 3. Implement use of sma ll scale irrigation. 4. Provide service to rural communities by effective implementation of small scale finance institutions. The following results were achieved 1. Nearly 10,000 farmers and 4,000 farmers were trained on how to use the technologies in farming. On a national scale nearly 3. million farmers benefited and the agricultural yields were almost double in areas where the rainfall was adequate. 2. A study on national computerized agricultural system was conducted and its pilot mannequin is started in 2001.This is likely to benefit the sector by giving timely information. ( Agricultural development program ) Ethiopia faces many impediments which tend to strangle its development. In an interview, Michael Glantz, a political scientist working with the National Center for atmospherical Research, says that if he had the liberty to add one more word to the title page of Time cartridge issue on Africa in 1984, he would say, coup, corruption , onflict and climate, are the main obstacles to development in Africa. Glantz Michael ) The same holds true for Ethiopia also. She is land locked in the horns of the African continent with two chronic enemies as her neighbors. Only 45% of the total land is arable and a meager 3% is irrigated. She does not have a port of her own, and the rainfall is totally unpredictable. There is no access to the vast seas or oceans.She is connected to the Red Sea through a neighboring country. The geographic position and the climate of Ethiopia is surely one of he biggest obstacles to the development of Ethiopia. Geography) Military aggressions have hit Ethiopia very hard. Ethiopia has to face it on two fronts, Eritrea in north and Somalia in south. Prolonged warfare with these nations, for many decades, has made a severe dent in the economy of the nation. Perhaps, this dent is permanent and irreparable. The country is already under immense debt pressure and there seems to be no end to the disputes with Eritrea. A report of Internat ional Monetary Fund suggests that if Ethiopia needs to maintain a egress level of 7% .Given the current state of affairs, this report raises serious doubts whether this is an achievable target or not. ( Andrews David, Erasmus Lodewyk Powell Robert ) Human mistakes, especially by the political leadership account for the third obstacle to the development of Ethiopia. The demurrer to accept the peace treaty with Eritrea, after signing it, is one example which proves this point. ( Ethiopia and Eritrea) All the attention, energy and pecuniary resource have been focused on fights, coups and confrontations.The leadership as not advocated the uselessness of war, and concentrating on socio-economic issues instead. Conclusively it can be said that Ethiopia is cursed country in true sense, facing problems of famines, military confrontations geographic conditions and natural forces, which are colossal. This has already crippled the nations economy, and there seems to be no end to the misery of this nation. Elevation of Ethiopia from one of the poorest country to a middle level economy seems an uphill task. Will she be able to coif this task? Only time can tell.Referenceshttp//www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107505.htmlhttp//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2440093.stmhttp//www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/eritrea.htmhttp//www.et.undp.org/ethiopia/intro.htmHistoryhttp//www.et.undp.org/poverty/poverty.htmhttp//www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Obstacles_Development.htmlhttp//www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/ethindex.htm

The Life and Times of a Nobel Laureate Essay Example for Free

The Life and Times of a Nobel Laureate EssayOne of the more important historical figures within the scientific community was what Werner Heisenberg contributed to quantum physical science. Born in Germany on December 5, 1901 to Dr. imposing Heisenberg and Annie Wecklem, the influences were already prominent for Werner to excel in sciences as he father had already excelled in his cause dominance of Middle and Modern Greek languages at the University of Munich (Nobel Foundation, n. d. )After graduation from the University of Munich in 1920, he excelled intimately in the field of physics and worked under such great physicists as Max Born, Franck and Hilbert and became an assistant under Max Born after receiving his Ph. D. in 1923. Heisenbergs life moved on to become cardinal of the better known physicists in German and until the Second World War he was a professor of Physics at the University of Berlin and the Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics. (Nobel Foun dation, n. d. ) Dominance in Physics Heisenberg continued his dominance in the field of physics well after the War and continued to pursue his lifelong love of physics well past the War with his return in 1946 to Germany and reorganized, along with colleagues, the Institute for Physics at Gottingen and in 1948 it was renamed the Max Planck Institute for Physics. (Nobel Foundation, n. d. )Perhaps the best association the world of physics has with the Heisenberg name is through with(predicate) the publishing of his theory of quantum physics, published in 1925, when he was only 23 years old. For this theory and the applications of it which resulted in the discovery of allotropic forms of hydrogen, Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1932 (Nobel Foundation, n. d. ). This theory was based only on what was observed, that is to say, on the radiation emitted by the atom.We cannot, he said, always assign to an electron a position in position at any given time, nor follow it in its orbit, so that we cannot assume that the planetary orbits postulated by Neils Bohr truly exists. Mechanical quantities, such as position, velocity, etc. should be represented, not by ordinary numbers, but by abstract mathematical structures called matrices and he formulated his new theory in the terms of matrix equations. (Nobel Foundation, n.d. ) Heisenbergs theories were not simply limited to quantum physics but he was also famous for his principle of hesitancy which lays it down that the determination of the position and the momentum of a mobile particle necessarily contains errors the product of which cannot be less than the quantum constant h and that, although these errors are negligible on the human scale, they cannot be ignored in the studies of the atom. (Nobel Foundation, n. d. )

Glmaorizing Teen Pregnancy Essay Example for Free

Glmaorizing adolescent Pregnancy EssayMedia, specific anyy television has resultn the issue of young gestation to a whole other level. The plants 16 and Pregnant, teenaged mom, and The Secret Life of the Ameri good deal juveniler document the lives of young teenage girls facing the issue of being a meaning(a) teenager. Originally created to record the controversial subject of teen pregnancy, all of these shows soon began to change. As the whiles continued in all collar of these shows, the controversial subject of teen pregnancy soon became a glorifying concept. What was first viewed as just a fantasy is now becoming a reality for many teenagers.Viewers of these shows are now sightedness that teen pregnancy isnt all that bad it may even be considered normal consort to MTV and alphabet Family. The teenage celebrities on these shows are making it done life just fine limning that anyone else can too. Yes, these teenagers may lay down faced hard times in the beginni ng, exclusively at the nullify of the day, their lives are unrealistically viewed as ordinary. Both MTV and ABC Family depict the lifestyle of being a large(predicate) teenager to be somewhat glamorizing. The reality television show 16 and Pregnant was first air on MTV on June 11, 2009.This show follows the stories of four pregnant teenage girls Farrah, Maci, Amber and Catelynn that are in gamey school dealing with the hardships of teenage pregnancy. Each episode follows a five to seven month menstruum in the life of a teenager as she navigates the bumpy terrain of adolescence, growing pains, rebellion, and coming of age all while dealing with being pregnant (MTV. com). During the first few episodes of season one, the struggles of dealing with teenage pregnancy seemed difficult and nearly impossible.MTV portrayed each girl as if they were not going to make it through this crisis they were ab out to face, and their lives were soon coming to an end because being a pregnant teen was not acceptable. As the show continued and episodes passed, these so called hardships, no longer seemed to be that difficult. With all the support from their families and/or boyfriends that they received, these teenage girls were able to draw off through this bump in the road pretty well. Not only did they get support from people they knew, they received the most of their support from MTV.While teenage pregnancy might halt started out rough, becoming an MTV celebrity could not have been too bad. According to Arienne Thompson, author of 16, Pregnant and famous Teem Moms Are TVs New Stars, All four women are mainstays on regular army TODAYs Celebrity Heat Index, which measures media exposure Portwood Amber topped the list for October, beating out Angelina Jolie and Prince William. The moms are regularly on the covers of People and Us Weekly and have Facebook fan pages dedicated to them (USA Today).Putting the stars of these reality shows on a magazine cover puts them in the sa me repoint as any other famous person. The pass along that is being sent out to girls is that if they get pregnant as a result of being sexually active, then they too can end up on TV or on a magazine cover. Being sixteen and pregnant may not be the most ideal lifestyle, unless becoming more popular than an experienced, well-known actress at the age of sixteen is another story. Viewers of 16 and Pregnant now see that if they become pregnant at a young age, they overly can have the chance to become famous alike Farrah, Maci, Amber and Catelynn did.MTV did not decide to stop in that respect though. As if these girls were not famous enough, as a continuation of 16 and Pregnant, MTV aired Teen Mom on December 8, 2009, only six short months after the broadcast of 16 and Pregnant took place. This show takes the four teenagers from 16 and Pregnant, and documents their first few years of motherhood. Receiving more attention than before, MTV has millions of viewers watching Teen Mom eac h week, making these teenage celebrities even more famous. Teen Mom executive manufacturing business Morgan J.Freeman says, The concern for teens, however, is what else they may see in the show. While the Teen Mom stars have their office of struggles on the small screen each week, paparazzi shots and tabloid covers manage to rip them out of the context of MTV and place them in the realm of celebrity (USA Today). Even celebrities agree that the characters on these shows are becoming too idolized. Kim Kardashian boldly states that It seems like shows like Teen Mom are all of a sudden making teen pregnancy look cool in the eyes of young girls.She even goes a step further and says that the girls from the shows have become almost like celebrities, but girls these are not people you should idolize (Jadebt13). along with MTV, ABC Family decided to air a show following the life of a pregnant teenager. On, July 1, 2008, ABC Family aired the show, The Secret Life of the American Teenager, w hich became the networks most watched series in the 12-34 demographic (McKay 1). This show follows the character Amy Jergen through her pregnant life, and also through her life of being a mother.In the first season, Amy realizes that she has become pregnant, and does not know how to tell her friends or family. This season shows the struggles that Amy faces while being pregnant, but as the season comes to an end, life become simpler to Amy. The Secret Life of the American Teenagers glamorizes her teen pregnancy by having the schools marching band play their instruments as Amy first returns back to school after finding out that she has become pregnant which is a little unrealistic.Not only does this event take place, but also Amys boyfriend, which is not the father of her soon to be son, proposes the idea of getting married and helping her take care of the baby. At the start of the second season, Amy has her baby boy, named John. With the birth of John everything soon turned into a fa irytale ending, and her life completely turned around her boyfriend problems fall into place, and she started to receive support from her family, friends and community.This season sent out the message to its viewers that if you become pregnant as a teenager, you will have support from surrounding people, when that is not always the case. In conclusion, television is glamorizing the lifestyle of pregnant teenagers. The shows 16 and Pregnant, Teen Mom, and The Secret Life of the American Teenager all have different story lines to them, but in the end, they all show that some good can come out of being a pregnant teen. 6 and Pregnant and Teen Mom are both reality television shows that idolize the glamor of being pregnant by the publicizing these girls not only on MTV, but also in outside sources such as magazines. The Secret Life of the American Teenager on the other hand, is a scripted television show that depicts teen pregnancy as being a joy, fun, and simple by showing how great li fe can be having a baby at such a young age. Both MTV and ABC Family chose to air similar concept shows around the same time period of time that glamorized teen pregnancy when realistic having a baby in your teen years is not ideal, nor a pleasure.

Consider the marriage proposals in Essay Example for Free

Consider the wedding purposes in searchConsider the married couple proposals in Pride and Prejudice and what we learned ab give away the characters and the early 19th degree centigrade society in which they lived in.During Pride and Prejudice there are six examples of marriage proposals to consider. Throughout this establish I am going to be commenting on the proposals between Mr Darcy and Lizzie the first time, Mr collins and Lizzie, Mr collins and Charlotte as well as Mr Bingley and Jane, Wickham and Lydia and the second proposal of Mr Darcy to Lizzie. Whilst brassing at these proposals I will excessively be analysing the aspects of Love, Money, the relative term and class and the views of early(a)s, which might have bring within these proposals.The first proposal I am going to analyse is Mr Darcy to Lizzie. Mr Darcy proposed to Lizzie in Kent at Mr collins and Charlottes post when Lizzie was visiting them for a a few(prenominal) weeks and Mr Darcy was staying wi th gentlewo humanity Catherine De Bourgh, his aunt. Mr Darcy and Lizzie were first acquainted with one other at Netherfields, which is the neighbouring estate to Longbourne, Lizzies family house. They met at a b altogether, which was held by the new lodger Mr Bingley at Netherfields, and Mr Darcy was there as a booster unit of Mr Bingleys who hosting the ball for his new reaching to the village. Lizzie and Darcy didnt get on at first as Lizzie public opinion he was arrogant and unsociable. But Mr Darcys disfavour for Lizzie gradually grew to love for her.It advertms that the continuation of this dislike was all a cover for his real feelings as he did non want to love or follow a womanhood who was below him in all state, cash and status and especially the views of others would of discouraged him to act upon his feelings for Lizzie as he was thought of as lots more superior to Lizzie and her family and at that time it was thought of as wrong or unheard of to attach someon e at a lower place you. Mr Darcy did non solely hide his feelings from Lizzie he also tried to hide them from himself. Mr Darcy gets to a stage where he cant avoid his feelings for Lizzie any longer so he decides to act upon them because Lizzie is so beneath him he assumes that Lizzie will have no other option and if to brook his proposal as he feels that she cant resist him as he has enough money and class to set her up for life. Mr Darcy says to Lizzie.In vain I have struggled. It will not do. My feelings for you cannot be repressed. You must allow me to disunite you how ardently I admire and love you.How ever to Mr Darcys surprise Lizzie refuses his proposal as she will only espouse for love and she doesnt love Mr Darcy and she also is outraged with Mr Darcy at the insults towards her family. Just before the proposal Lizzie also found out that Mr Darcy had separated her sister and her love, Mr Bingley by persuading him to move sticker to London, which infuriates Lizzie p ull down more. Lizzie says to Mr Darcy.You are mistaken, Mr Darcy, if you forecast that he mode of your declaration affected me in any other way, than as it spared me the concern which I might have entangle in refusing you, had you behaved in a more gentlemen like manner.This quotation showed how often Lizzie really despised him at that number in time by questioning his gentlemen like manner, which was a big affair for men in those days.The second proposal I am going to look at is Mr collins to Lizzie. Mr Collins proposed to Lizzie at Longbourne, the family estate. Mr Collins was a clergyman to bird Catherine De Bourgh. Mr Collins asked Lizzie to marry him as Lady Catherine De Bourgh requested him too and as he is a clergyman he is anticipate to marry.Mr Collins also wants to marry her for the sake of her family, as Mr Collins is the closest male relative to Mr bennet being his cousin, which meant that when Mr white avens died Mr Collins would inherit Longbourne estate and M rs white avens and the little girls would be kicked out of their own house so by marrying Lizzie they would become a proper family meaning he wouldnt have to kick the relaxation of the Bennet family out. Mr Collins goes into the kitchen to talk to Lizzie. Lizzie knows Mr Collins will try and propose to her so she tries to get out of being alone with him solely Mrs Bennet orders Lizzie to stay and talk to Mr Collins. Mr Collins tries to get Lizzies attention notwithstanding Lizzie is trying desperately not to acknowledge him.Believe me, my dear Miss Elizabeth, that your modesty so farther from doing you any disserve, rather adds to your perfections.Mr Collins takes Lizzies resistance the wrong way as he phones Lizzie is trying to be modest where as Lizzie is actually trying to get out of this proposal before Mr Collins makes anymore a fool of himself. Even still Mr Collins carries on with the proposal assuming that Lizzie will accept his hand in marriage. Lizzie then says after much need for an answer. You are too hasty- you forget I have made no answer.Lizzie has become very irritated by Mr Collins at this stage, but Mr Collins is still not happy with this answer so he goes to find Mrs Bennet. Mr Collins explains the stake to Mrs Bennet and she is furious with Lizzie for turning ingest his marriage proposal and tries to reassure Mr Collins that she will stir her mind.Lizzie shall be brought to reason. I will speak to her about it myself directly. She is a very headstrong foolish girl and does not know her own interest, but I will make her know it.This quotation shows how infuriate Mrs Bennet is with Lizzie as she turned down such an opportunity. Mrs Bennet is a very shallow woman as she wants her daughters married off as in brief as possible because in those days it was thought the sooner all your daughters were married the better they were brought up or the more successful mother you had been. Mrs Bennet speaks to Lizzie about it but she is persiste nt she doesnt want to marry Mr Collins, as she does not love him, she doesnt have any affection for him.Mrs Bennet talks to Mr Bennet about the proposal to try and get Lizzie to marry Mr Collins but Mr Bennet is also against the wedding. In this proposal money doesnt really play a set forth as Lizzie and Mr Collins are of about the same riches. Love plays no role, as neither of them loves another although Mr Collins has great affection for Lizzie. Status plays a minuet role as Mr Collins has contacts, which are broad(prenominal) up in society, but this is not enough for Lizzie. The views of others plays the biggest role in this proposal as Mr Collins only looked for a wife in the first place as he was t grey-headed to be his patron, Lady Catherine De Bourgh. Mrs Bennet also was for the wedding, as she wanted her daughter to be married.The third proposal is Mr Collins to Charlotte. Mr Collins proposes to Charlotte as he wanted a wife and was turned down by Lizzie. He wants a wife because his patron, Lady Catherine De Bourgh requested him to get one, who is not too rich or pretty dear a nice sponsorly woman who she can get along with and invite over for teatime or dinner.After the refusal from Lizzie Mr Collins matt-up awkward staying with the Bennets so when he was invited to stay with Charlotte and her family who was Lizzies best friend he jumped at the chance. Charlotte was very happy about the new arrangements, as she was 27 years old and not married so in those days she was considered as on the shelf which meant this could be her refinement chance of marriage. Mr Collins proposed to Charlotte at Lucas Lodge, her family dwelling. Charlotte accepted without any hesitation and couldnt wait to make her news known. She went to key her best friend, Lizzie first but Lizzie didnt approve, as she knew her friend did not love him but Charlotte aired her opinions to her.I am not romantic, you know, I never was I ask only a comfortable home and considering Mr Collins character, connections and situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness with him is as mean(a) as most people can boast when entering the marriage state.This quotation proves that Charlotte did not marry Mr Collins for love she married him for security. Lizzie is not satisfied with this but congratulates her still. When Mrs Bennet hears the news doesnt believe it as she still thinks Mr Collins still wants to marry Lizzie. God Lord Sir William, how can you tell such a story? Do you not know that Mr Collins wants to marry Lizzie.Mrs Bennet is very upset that Mr Collins has got engaged to Charlotte rather than Lizzie. In this proposal love doesnt play any role for either of them and status doesnt as they are of about the same class although Mr Collins has higher society connections than Charlotte. Money doesnt influence the marriage, as there are both of about the same wealth where as the influence of others does as he is told be his patrons to find a wife.Th e next proposal I am going to analyse is Mr Bingley to Jane. Mr Bingley and Jane where a love match from the beginning of the book, when Mr Bingley moved into Netherfields, the neighbouring estate to Longbourne. Their love was blossoming until his best friend Mr Darcy talked Mr Bingley as he felt it was in his best interest. But Mr Bingley and Jane were united again when Mr Darcy saw the erroneousness of his ways, thanks to Lizzie Janes sister. The proposal took place in Longbourne estate. Mr Bingley after a few visits since after moving hind end asks Jane to take his hand in marriage however the actual proposal is not written in the book. Jane is ecstatic about the news and tells Lizzie.I am certainly the most fortunate creature that ever existed Oh Lizzy, why am I thus singled from my family, and blessed above them all If I could but receive you as happyThis quotation shows how happy Jane is about the marriage but it also shows even though she is so happy she is still sparing th ought for her family, as she wants them to be as happy as she is. In this proposal love plays a very big role as that is what drives the relationship transport to marriage, status doesnt play a role although Mr Bingley is of a much higher class than Jane I think their love for each other conquers this. Money doesnt play a role in this, as Jane isnt raise in his money even though he has much more wealth than her. The influence of others does benefactor them as everyone is for the marriage as they can see the true love between them. After Mr Bingley has leave Jane speaks to her father about the marriage.Jane I congratulate you. You will be a very happy woman.This quotation proves the support for the wedding from Janes family and it also proves that Mr Bennet has great admiration for Mr Bingley.The next proposal I am going to analyse is Wickham and Lydia. Lydia and Wickham run away together. Wickham is only interested in Lydia because he had been turned down by umpteen woman as th ey realised he was only after their wealth but with Lydia it is different she doesnt have any money. He run away with Lydia because he wanted someone vernal he could have a good time with. But when Mr Gardiner, Lydias uncle asked him, to marry her he accepted as Mr Gardiner offered to feed off all his debts if he married her as it would redeem some respect towards them from others as they would be married. Mr Gardiner wrote to Mr Bennet to tell him what had happened, subsequently Mr Bennet talked to Jane about the situation.Yes, yes, they must marry. There is nothing else to be done. But there are two things that I want to know one, how much money your uncle has rigid down to bring it about and the other, how I am I ever to pay him.This quotation shows that Mr Bennet thinks marriage is the right thing to do but is very concerned about how he shall pay back the money to Mr Gardiner. In this proposal love doesnt play a role for Wickham as he doesnt feel any consideration or affect ion for Lydia but I think Lydia loves Wickham and is perhaps archaic enough to think that he loves her back. Money plays a great role for Wickham as he is only going to marry Lydia for the money he is going to receive from her uncle, which will pay off all his debts it also means that he will be related to Jane and Lizzie who are married to very soused men. Status and the views of others play no role for either of them as they ran away together regardless of what other people thought.The last proposal I am going to look at is the second proposal between Mr Darcy and Lizzie. After the refusal of his last proposal Darcy has done all he can to get back into Lizzies good books. He got Mr Bingley and Jane back together after separating them. Mr Darcy was also really hurt by Lizzies take down to him after she refused his hand in marriage. Had you behaved in a more gentlemen like manner.This hurt Mr Darcy as he felt he was a perfect gentlemen but when he looked back at how he behaved t owards Lizzie and her family he realised he had behaved appallingly. However Mr Darcy still felt the same about Lizzie he even felt he loved her more and he now thought that nothing else mattered so he distinguishable he would ask Lizzie for her hand in marriage again. Mr Darcy went to visit Lizzie as his aunt, Lady Catherine De Bourgh had come to see her and warn her off from marrying Mr Darcy although Lizzie didnt intend too as she thought all feelings for her from Mr Darcy were over by then. Lady Catherine De Bourgh tried to stop Lizzie from marrying Mr Darcy.You are determined to ruin him in the opinion of all his friends, and him the contempt of the world.Lizzie was agitate at such a comment as she had no intention in marrying Mr Darcy as she had not spoken to Mr Darcy for months but this made her think about her real feelings for Darcy, she discovered that from hate she had started to like Mr Darcy even love him. Mr Darcy proposed to Lizzie on a lane outside her house. Lizzie accepted his proposal and showed remorse for how she treated him in the past. Mr Darcy was overwhelmed by her answer.The happiness which this reply was such as he had probably never felt before, and he expressed himself on the occasion as sensibly and as warmly as a man violently in love can be supposed to doThis quotation shows how strongly Mr Darcy felt for Lizzie, as he was so happy from her acceptance in his hand of marriage. Lizzie was so excited by the marriage that she went and told her family straight away. She spoke to Mr Bennet and he wasnt so sure if Lizzie loved Mr Darcy as it wasnt so long ago she hated him, he wanted to make sure that Lizzie wasnt marrying him for his or her mothers sake.My child let me not have the grief of seeing you unable to respect your partner in life. You know not what you are about.This quotation is basically Mr Bennet saying to Lizzie that it might be great at the moment but make sure you still will feel the same way in the later future as he is saying that he doesnt want her to end up like him not respecting his partner, Mrs Bennet. This shows how protective Mr Bennet is over Lizzie, as he only wants her to marry if she is sure it is the right thing to do.In this proposal love plays a big role as it alimented all the other aspects as they loved each other so much in the end that it didnt matter how much money they had, what status they were and they definitely didnt care what other people thought about the marriage especially as Mr Darcy was disowned by his aunt Lady Catherine De Bourgh due to his marriage to Lizzie. But Mr Bennet and the family where very pleased for Lizzie as they knew it was for love. Lizzie and Jane had a joint wedding, which made it more special for both of them.In the 19th Century marriage was thought of as a must for women and if you were over the age of 26 years old you were considered as on the shelf, which made it hard for woman to get married over that age. There were also many tell aparts that a woman had to think about before they got married, whether they were in love which wasnt a major issue but it was though of as a bonus if they were.Money and status played a huge role in deciding who to marry, rich men went for women of the same class or a atomic number 42 higher which made it difficult for woman of a lower class or without much wealth to marry a wealthier or higher classed man. It was thought of as unethical to marry someone beneath you in any state. The influence of others played a big role in those days as people were put under a lot of pressure to get married as soon as possible and to someone higher up the society ladder. As you can see the attitudes to marriage in the 19th Century in which these characters lived in is very different to the attitudes in which we live in today.

Consumerism Essay Example for Free

Con kernelerism EssayTHE DISHONEST FACE OF CONSUMERISMA statistic illustrates that in 1950, there is one railway cable car for every fifty tidy sum but in 2009, there are more(prenominal) than one car for every twelve bulk in America. This example demonstrates the increasing effect of feedrism by the end of the twentieth century. According to Cambridge Dictionary, consumerism is the concomitant in which too much worry is given to buying andowning things. In the waking of this definition, it basis be concluded that consumerism usually leads to materialism since materialists claim that happiness ignore be enlarge through buying and spending as well . It is inevitable that there exist a dissidence in the midst of people ab out this issue. Authors like Juliet Schor, Annie Leonard and Danielle Todd support consumerism is a foe whereas Peter Saunders and James Twitchell, advocates the idea that consumerism is a friend. Consumerism has adult maley negative out settles lik e overspending, overworking, reference work card debts, social and sparing problems etc. These negative aspects of consumerism are in majority therefore consumerism is a foe. Consumerism is a foe since it causes overworking by triggering the quench slight reputation of human. Each person aims to reach a effective, qualified deportment and this ambition causes competition between people. As Annie Leonard mentions, we wipe out become a nation of consumers (9). The reason behind this situation is exactly the competitive life circumstances, each person buys more and more to be the best.It is acknowledged that human has an insatiable record by birth and the consumerist system triggers this stimulation substantially since people do non want to stay out of the competition. Todd states that consumers are well sensible of the insatiable nature of consumerism, but recognize that in their caller it is the unaccompanied possible way to live (1). The most negative aspect of consumeri sm emerges at that point since consumers can never be fulfilled with the goods they consume there occurs a class which tucks people into a trap. The empty and depressed consumers buy more and more goods with the hope of finding fulfillment and reaching the best. For instance, a young man buys an Iphone 4 and respectable three months later he sees his friends Iphone 5and decides to buy an Iphone 5 immediately for reaching his friends level . To purchase more, this man obliged to work super so his life passes with heavy working conditions. According to Leonard, this situation creates a crazy work-watch-spend treadmill (13). This circle damages peoples lives since it is almost impossible to get rid of this circle because of the unsatisfied nature of human. With the existence of this circle, people turn into robots, they cannot think anything except money, working and shopping. Eventually, peoples psychological and tangible healths are damaged because of stress, they become tired, they do not have individual times, they do not have any hobbies, they drift apart from nature and get stuck into shopping malls etc. Briefly, it can be say that consumerism is a foe since it triggers the unsatisfied nature of people and ensnare their lives with the work-watch-spend circle. Advertisements cause the problem of overspending which is the most pie-eyed outcome of consumerism.Advertisements have s veritable(a) functions like identifiying brands, supplying information, legal opinion previewing new trends etc. but persuasion is the best function which is related with consumerism. Advertisements and consumerism definitely have a positive correlation since powerful and optic advertising directs consumers to purchase goods and services. As Juliet Schor states, it can be said that the growing importance of idiot box causes consumerism (1). It demonstrates that people who watch TV are more inclined to purchasing more. Schor also asserts that an avarage level of TV observati on of 15 hours a week equals nearly $3,000 per year (1). So it can be concluded that television is very effective on peoples buying decisions, advertisements direct people to spend more money. These tricky advertisements lead people to buy redundant goods. For instance, Twitchell mentions that he bought a Mazda Miata although he did not guide this car (1). Moreover, he states that he bought the car because of an advertisement which promotes the idea that if you buy this car, all of your dreams will come true (2). This is a clear example of overspending, an effective advertisement made Twitchell buy a high life and redundant good which was pretty expensive. Twitchells experience is just the tip of the iceberg, the rate of overspending will increase more and more with the growing importance of television.Due to overspending, people become unable to give in their basic, biologic needs since they spend all their money for visible statusgoods. Shortly, it is verified that advertiseme nts direct people to consume more and more but this huge effect of advertisements are destructive since over-consumption makes people unable to afford their basic needs. Credit card debts is another destructive outcome of consumerism. In Turkey, one million and sixty thousand people have credit card debts by 2014. This statistical data demonstrates that consumerism is not a friend for one million and sixty thousand people in Turkey. As it is mentioned before, human has an insatiable nature therefore people see products as a hero and they purchase more and more. Banks trade advantage of peoples fralities and give them lots of credit cards. This situation brings a trouble into society like credit card debts. Juliet Schor argues that one of the most fascinating things close credit card debt is how umteen people are not conscious of their behaviour (3). While buying goods people cannot be aware of what they spend since they are not aware that these credits are borrowed. They assume that these credits are cede and limitless. Credit cards are presented as hero by banks, consumers can buy what they want without make payment by cash but at the end this dream concludes with a disappointing end, hoarded credit card debts.Victims of credit cards have to sell their houses, cars etc. to pay their credit card debts. So, it can be concluded that although many people believe to the misleading friendly face of consumerism actually it is just an invisible enemy which drags people to debt spiral. Some may say that consumerism is a friend. However, this assertion is not true. It should not be forgotten that the capitalist system leads to the occurrence of consumerism. Saunders defends that capitalism is good for the soul since it gives people a chance to live a good life (6). That assumption can be accepted to an finish since each person aims to reach a good life. This is a common will of all homo but it should be considered that human being is insatiable and this system exploits peoples weaknesses which is coming from their nature. As it is mentioned in second and third paragraphs, advertisements exploit peoples weaknesses dramatically by giving the mental object that they are insufficient. People cannot reject the desirable choices that the system provides and they become a part of this system even if they cannot afford the requirements of a good life. Saunders also hypothesizes that no socioeconomic system can guarantee people a good life, they can just provide happy and worthwhile lives and capitalismpasses with flying color in on this test (19).There exist a social stratification in todays world so these flying colors are just accessable for upper and middle classes but what about the working class? Their labor is exploited all the time by this capitalist system. A good system should provide a happy and worthwhile life to everyone, not just the selected rich ones. To sum up, it is true that capitalism can be seen as desirable and attracts man y peoples attention but this does not mean that capitalism is a friend since it just provides tricky and temporary dreams to a minor group of rich people. In conclusion, negative aspects of consumerism like overspending, overworking, credit card debts, social and economic problems etc. outweigh so consumerism is a foe. Although some argue that it is a friend, actually in solid life it is impossible to support that argument since consumerism triggers the unfulfilling nature of human and it is not desirable or undecomposed in the long run. Consumerism is just a foe which makes you a victim with empty promises. Schor believes that, to avoid this situation people should decrease the time they spend in front of the TV, use no credit cards, give notice buying unnecessary products and try to make logical, consciously decisions while purchasing (4). If people take these suggestions into account, they can reach a good life without these tricky systems. It should not be forgotten that spen ding less makes people feel better.WORKS CITEDLeonard, Annie. The Story of Stuff. Free Range Studios, 2007. 20 Aug. 2009. Web.Saunders, Peter. Why Capitalism Is darling for the Soul. The Insider 23.4 (2008) 14- 21. Insider Online. The Insider Heritage Foundation, Apr. 2008. Web.Schor, Juliet. Juliet Schor on The Overspent American. TIME.com. N.p., 20 May 1998. Web. http//www.nytimes.com/books/first/s/schor-overspent.htmlTodd, Danielle. You Are What You Buy Postmodern Consumerism and the social organisation of Self. Fall 2011. Web.Twitchell, James. How I Bought My Red Miata. August/ September 2000. Web.

Age of exploration Essay Example for Free

Age of exploration EssayWhich term best describes the period?God,Gold, and triumphEuropean adventures explored North America with the motivation of God,Gold, and Glory This alone tells you that this was an age of exploitation. I believe it was Hernan Cortez who told the Aztec natives that his work force suffered from a disease that could only be cured by Gold. Let us not parry that at this time Spain was trying to become a world Power. afterward Columbuss first voyage in 1493 Spain sent out ships to the Pope demanding rights to Columbuss discoveries. The Pope agreed and Spain was entitled to any non-christian western sandwich Lands discovered except only if the native population were converted to Christianity. At these times religion was used as a form of control.. Many can argue that the Pope could harbour also benefited from letting the conquistadors explore the western lands and convert the natives to Christianity.Many European countries were expanding and exploring for several reasons..By claiming more Territory and resources,A country would become more wealthier. And powerful. After Cortez conquered Mexico all there natives were used as slaves and Most of the valuable riches were transported back to Spain. All natives were killed by disease or slave work and the few that survived were forced to convert to Christianity. What once may have started as exploration would soon get consumed by Greed,power,and Exploitation.Many European countries were expanding and exploring other countries for several reasons galore(postnominal) European countries were expanding and exploring other countries for several reasons

Evaluating the non-survival of best technologies in the long-term Essay Example for Free

Evaluating the non-survival of trump technologies in the coarse-term EssayAbstractThe essay down the stairs con spatial relationration analyzes the factual literary argument that outdo technologies do non bring by in the long term. The statement has been considered under real vivification incidences, scenarios, and personal experiences, by virtue of which, some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) conclusions have been obtained and butified through and through relevant logic. engineering, for the purpose of this paper, has been restricted to the IT only however, there atomic number 18 new(prenominal) implications and applications. in that respect atomic number 18 several reasons for failure in long term survival of level(p) the best technologies. Some of them are make up to be of the highest probability of occurrence, others seem rather less risky. However, analyzing these is extremely in-chief(postnominal) because engine room interrogation and development, and death penalty require major cash outflows that involve to be controlled and planned well in order to negate struggle for survival. It is also worth mentioning that in majority of the circumstances, latest technologies are implemented without prior research of their impact. vacateance to this whoremaster also make things much easier.IntroductionAs the facts state, and are known to only, that not more than 10% infact even lesser projects are successful across the IT industry collect to several reasons 1. Similarly, technologies that are really tremendous also do not survive in the long guide on. engineering science may have several definitions, however, the easiest to comprehend definition isengineering can be defined as the applied part of research and development. Elaborating on the above-mentioned definition, any organization may conduct RD activities entirely just the part of it that is applied is converted into engineering science 2. Technology is generally asso ciated to IT and pertinent topics only however, engineering applies to enhancements and advertizements of any entity. Despite this, the scope of this paper restricts the view of applied science to IT hardware and software, and pertinent entities/ troubles only. There are several issues and causes that pertain to the long term success of a engineering.RelevanceStudy of this non-survival is not just important, but is critical to know and analyze. The prime reasons being that it is only its study and exploration that possibly may lead to non-repetition of much(prenominal)(prenominal) issues in the future 7. However, the past shows hi narration otherwise i.e. repetition of these issues has been witnessed in several failure cases. Also a point where this study gains extreme criticality is the fact that research and development costs and involves huge some of money that needs to be compensated (pay-back) once the applied science is commercialized. If it, however, fails to induce and sustain, survive in the long term, all efforts of RD s implicate go to waste 3.Analysis of IssuesFor deeper analyses, it is most important to define the exact meaning of the topic. Survival in the long run implies that as a engineering science grows in its PLC (Product Life Cycle), it should have added customer base. When it is being said that best technologies do not survive in the long run, this statement implies that even the best of technologies are unable to sustain their competency in the long run, thus losing out the customer base. Or in other words, the possibility and cases that lead to a compensate, referring to the query that why are technologies not able to survive for a longer term of life 16, 4.Therefore, hypothetically, if the technology losses its clients due to some issues pertinent to the technology itself, the technology may be pronounced as a failure or non-survivor during the long term 17. For further analyses of the issues that lead to the non-survival of som e with child(p) technologies, the initial step should be their identification and then exploration. Following are the major issues pertinent to thisExtra-ordinary ExpectationsIt can also be called as the inability of technologies to deliver what is actually expected from them. This can be a dual-sided problem. On one side, it is possible that during the phase of research and development, many technologies are elaborated and exposed to media and other stakeholders as the ultimate benchmarks beyond which no further development may take place.In such a scenario, technologies are bound to realize much below the speculation-built expectation of the target audience. The other side is the fact that the technology may be elaborated upon parity to what it actually is, however, it may truly be below par. Thus gradually, those who adapted that technology, move towards a substitute or the antecedently run welcome technology, as the case may be, in the long run this is a trend that leads to the new technology not surviving in the long run 5.Timing of UpdatesUpdates are another wide issue why technologies may fail. Updates can be identified as patches or additional utilities that enhance the operative of a technology. As the world is highly dynamic, technology keeps advancing, thus requiring timely updating of technology. In this regard, there are two prime concerns why a technology may fail 8Mistimed UpdatesThe updates may not be timed as divertly as required. For qualityface, a software vendor may put up an anti-virus update of their software 6 months subsequently that virus has started its destruction. Such updates are mistimed updates that do not assemble the customers and may cause a technology failure.Irregular UpdatesA like concept is of irregular updates. For example, a software vendor may actually provide updates with the first one in first month and then on randomly after any variable interval of time. This again is a fuss for the customer to actuall y update the technology as per a random walk. The issue might be as critical as it may not sound, and may actually cause the customers to walk absent from such technologies make them to fail.The execution of a modern technology, which is definite to be costly, leads to the customer expectation of after sales services including regular updates and renewal versions are the primary expectation that a customer may hold. Failure to deliver these may cause the customers to shift to alternatives, causing a decline in the usability of technology. This decline denies the chances of survival in the long term.Costly Maintenance The technology may effectively be the best and most advance however, its maintenance cost may be on the similar height due to lesser expertise in the advance technology, costly equipments, etc. The lesser expertise may increase the dependency on a single vendor, pushing him into premium charging from the customers, and as a result, customers might requisite to shif t to an alternative or to the previously held technology, that again leads to survival issues for new technologies in the long run 11.Compatibility IssuesIn the long run, organizations need to interact with their value/supply chain and thus requiring compatibility among the systems of the two organizations i.e. the technology each has implemented respectively. Failing to endure compatibility may lead to an eventual failure of the technology in general because organizations are most definite not to prefer technology that is incompatible with others, unless the organization stands tall in a commanding position in the value chain.Further Advancements in TechnologyAlso referred to as Constructive-Destruction by some authors, technology may fail due to rapid development in the similar field enhancing the scope of accomplishments through enhancements, while these enhancements may fall beyond the scope of the previous technology, causing customers to shift to the latest technology for add ed services obtainable from the same.Thus, technological advancements may actually lead to the real technologies not surviving for long. This can also be rephrased as the obsolesce factor 9. Consider the example of type-writers these were considered a tremendous technology of their time. However, the advent of computer (keyboard and printer) actually ruined the existing technology of type writers. Another example can be the shift from Infrared to Bluetooth technology in terms of tuner mediums.Alignment of Business Strategy Vs. IT StrategyAt times a tremendous technology may just not survive due to absence of in-built/default best practices that may align the IT system to the business strategy. Generally, the best practices are indulged, particularly in case of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) tools, whereby organizations while implementing these technologies, tend to perform BPR (Business Process Re-engineering).This in-turn has an effect on the whole of the business strategy a nd of course BPR at that stage assures the appropriate alignment of the two strategies. Failure to align suitably may not be depicted at once however gradual illustration of the same would encourage firms to shift their IT solutions and vendors, causing the decline of users and thus, creating a survival struggle. need of Vendor SupportThe best of the best technologies may not survive for even a shorter spam of time if the vendor support is lacking or missing. Many individuals and corporate clients may, for instance, befall Linux a better operating system than many others even including Windows. However, lack of support leads to the survival struggle. There are firms working on providing its support but the current market share of it vs. windows says the whole story 10.Lack of Monitoring Control on the ImplementationDue to lack of monitoring and controlling the implementation of a technology, things may seem alright as implemented for a short spam of time. However, in the long run, as soon as problems start to appear, the think-tanks may blame the actual technology. Again, the reduction in usage rate assures a decline and a struggle for survival in the long run.Lack of Creativity InnovationTechnological development is no short term or once-done sort of a task. For staying in business, a technology related firm must assure constant creativity and variation in the technology launched in the first go. Creativity, innovation, and basically something new if these factors missing from the approach, mission, and vision of a technology provider organization, in that case it is certain that the organization itself may not survive in the long run, let alone the technology it is developing.Life ExpectancyExpected useful life of technologies has decline enormously over the past decade. With new technology developed almost all the time anywhere in the world, the product life cycle has reduced x-axis value. In such a scenario, even the best of the best technologies stru ggle to survive in the long run. This primarily pertains to the competition that has developed so drastically that no technological advancement actually remains advancement over a period of time. In such a scenario, firms should come up with new research and development that could actually be deployed in technology useful for an organization in developing its competency 6.Technology Migration StrategiesA technology should be adaptational in nature, and should be able to comprehend migration strategies across different technologies. Migration here may also imply the development of compatibility with other technology. This becomes more crucial when technological platform has to be changed or back ups need to be regenerated. A weak technology in this regard is most definite to create a non-survival scenario among existing technologies 12.ConclusionUnderstanding the root causes of failure is the first step towards its elimination 18, 19. Technology is unavailing without application. I t can be viewed from the above argument that technology that has the above-mentioned loopholes, may not survive in the long run. A simplest and most routine example that can be considered is the WINDOWS vs. DOS operating systems. about of the above mentioned problems, if not all, were presence in the DOS systems and absent from the WINDOWS platform, and the stories of survival and accomplishments are known to all 13.To conclude, it can actually not be said with extreme confidence that best technologies do not survive in the long-run at all. In the long-run, there are further advancements that lead to the non-survival of previous technologies 14. However, there are some technologies that are still existent in the world from the past and are expected remain so. One of the prime examples of the same is a wheel.Wheel probably is mans finest creation, and possibly the advent of technology in human age 15. Despite of prospering a plenteousness today, wheel exists in this world today eve n in its basic form, let alone the advance version. But yes, mostly technologies do not survive in the long run because they are substituted through their or a substitute advance versions 20.References James A. OBrien (1999) Management Information Systems Managing Information technology in the Internetworked Enterprise, quaternary EditionAdas, Michael (1989). Machines as the Measure of Men Science, Technology, and Ideologies of Western Dominance. Ithaca Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-2303-1.Monsma, Stephen V., et al. (1986). Responsible Technology A Christian Perspective. Grand Rapids, Mich. W.B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0175-7.Noble, David F. (1984). Forces of Production A Social History of Industrial Automation. New York Knopf. ISBN 0-394-51262-6.Roussel, Philip A. Kamal N. Saad, and Tamara J. Erickson (1991). Third contemporaries R D Managing the Link to Corporate Strategy. Boston, Mass. Harvard Business School Press. ISBN 0-87584-252-6.Davis, Aquilano Chase (2003) Fundame ntals of Operations Management, 4th EditionApplegate, Austin McFarlan (2003) Corporate Information Strategy Management, 6th EditionR. Ray Gehani (2003) Management of Technology OperationsRory Burke (2000) Project Management Planning Control Techniques, 3rd EditionCamp, J. (2000), Trust and guess in Internet Commerce, MIT Press, Cambridge MAGoodhart, C and M Krueger (2001) The impact of technology on cash usage, capital of the United Kingdom School of Economics Financial Markets Group Discussion paper no 374, April.NARA/Long-Term Usability of Optical Media Internet. procurable from http//palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/electronic-records/electronic-storage-media/critiss.html Accessed 9 April 2007How Failure Breeds Success Internet. 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Available from http//www.tfdg.com/index.cfm?page=45 Accessed 9 April 2007When Technology Fails They Key to Dealing with Technology Failure is to Prepare for it Internet. Available from http//globeandmail.workopolis.com/servlet/Content/rprinter/20020703/cpsa-techfail Accessed 9 April 2007The Daily (2004), electronic Commerce and Technology, 16 Apr il Internet. Available from http//www.statcan.ca/daily Accessed 9 April 2007