Reflective Paper on Personal and Organizational Ethics an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Reflective Paper on Personal and Organizational Ethics Work places are said to be the real world after attaining a certain degree in education. People look after the careers by which they can be able to apply what they have learned from their past education and specifications. In the working life of many people, there are circumstances by which we encounter others that might have different perspectives than us. There can be conflicts arising due to the diversity of norms and social aspects that we are used to. With this, personal ethics might come into action that will solve or worsen the problem or difficulty in the work place.Personal ethics and values are important for individual evaluation. These are necessary in the achievement of personal, organizational and societal goals and mission. Mission and vision should also be present in order for us to be stable personally and professionally. This paper contains an analysis and evaluation of personal and professional ethics and values. Need essay sample on "Reflective Paper on Personal and Organizational Ethics" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Personal Ethics, Mission and Vision Statement In his book, What Makes a Leader, Toler (2006) stated that leaders may not have all the answers to every single problem that we may encounter. He also added: Leadership isnt about showing people how energetic, enthusiastic, or entrepreneurial you are. Its about gaining enough knowledge and wisdom to move people and plans from obscurity to excellence. Leaders are always on a learning curve. They know they havent arrived until theyve shown someone else by their example how to be the best they can be. Doing the right thing this is my guiding light in fulfilling any task. An ancient adage states that, If its worth doing, its worth doing right. I firmly believe that doing the right thing is more important than doing things right. Correct methodology without the proper motives is shallow at best and evil at worst. A person who knows how to link motives with methods are the most qualified to be a leader. Affirmation and proper support is an essential skill that must be possessed by a leader or a manager. Everyone has an innate need to be valued, recognized, or included. To be effective in the fulfilment of any task, it should be recognized that a pat on the back has enough force to propel an associate towards excellence. Vision is necessary in order to get to a desired end. We should have an eye, not only pointed at the horizon, but also beyond it. The Holy Bible states that Without vision, people perish. I believe that status quo should be set as a springboard for further improvements and innovations. Priority is also an essential guide in any personal undertaking. In order to be an effective individual, one should be able to do the important things first. Therefore, one must have the skill to differentiate tasks and order them according to importance. I personally believe that being able to decide which tasks are truly important to the achievement of a goal is essential in carrying out any personal or professional responsibility. Careful selection must be undertaken and this is an important mark of leadership. Credibility has its prerequisites. And being credible enough is important for any individual with goals and mission. Telling the truth is one thing, but being believed is another. And credibility is needed to be believed and trusted by other people. Consistency is the key to be trustworthy and credible in the eyes of other people.Having great ideas is good, but taking action is rather essential. Actions should be based on the knowledge of available resources. One should refuse to commit if the cause has no obvious means of support. No one will truly trust someone who is selfish. An effective person does not care about the laurels or the accolades; he/she displays that seldom-seen virtue of humility. Putting the mission above ones own desires is paramount towards achieving respect. A person with a small ego is treated highly by other people. A person who desires to lead should know how to evaluate their efforts. One should be able to listen to criticisms without taking offense. For as long as the direction is clear, criticisms can only propel an effective person towards his/her objectives at a faster rate.Discipline and self control are my personal advocacies. Work habits can only be established when these traits exist. These are precursors of dependability, punctuality, consistency, and trustworthiness. Discipline should never be an option but an obligation. Any task requires a steady and sustained effort necessary to accomplish a mission or reach an end. Organizations Workplace Values My organization has a definite set of workplace code of ethics I should adhere to. My organization requires me to recognize and practice professionalism in any task I perform. According to Timmerhaus et al. (2004), in any professional activity, professionals are obliged to pursue their profession with the highest level of ethical behaviour.Above anything else, I believe that the publics safety and welfare should be the topmost consideration in the course of performance of my duty as a professional. Employers and clients should be always informed of the implications and consequences of my professional duties, and assure that my professional duties would not have any adverse effect to the health, safety, and welfare of the public. We should be accountable to the general public for they are any companys bread and butter. The very reason why there is any professional duty is the existence of the general public. We as professionals should take the public as the primary consideration in the undertaking of any professional task, whether it is small or large scale.I firmly believe that I should accept responsibility for my actions and recognize other peoples contributions. Taking full responsibility is essential for this is an important gauge for accountability. This will assure that I will not perform professional tasks half-heartedly. And likewise, I recognize other peoples contributions and I will not take other peoples merits. In any work I perform, I would strive to ask for other professionals critical review. I am not perfect, thus, there is nothing wrong with seeking review. This will help me improve my work as a professional, thus making me more eligible to perform larger and more pressing tasks. When other professionals ask me to do such, I would offer objective criticism to their works. All statements I issue and information I present would be bound by objectivity and truthfulness. In the same way as I would like to receive comments that are impartial and free of bias, thus I would issue statements bounded by such premises as well. In the best of my ability, I do my tasks for my employers and clients in the most professional manner, and I treat them as trustees. I clearly define my purpose and role as a professional, so as to avoid conflicts of interest. Conflicts of interest should be avoided because it would be detrimental not just for the welfare of the company, but also to the public. Roles and purpose, when clearly defined will pave the way towards utmost professionalism and objectivity. I treat all my co-professionals and co-workers impartially, keeping in mind than all of them have unique contributions and capabilities. I am also unique, and I have ways of my own. And just like others, I seek to be respected. Therefore, I would also do the same to my colleagues and co-workers. Any relationship, professional or otherwise work two ways.I perform professional services only in areas of my competence, so that my clients, colleagues and the public would not suffer from the consequences of doing otherwise. I am completely aware of my professional capabilities, and theres no way that I will be giving comments or suggestions in fields I have little or no knowledge about. I would leave such cases to professionals who know better. My reputation as a professional would be built only on merits of my services, this I recognize. Thus, I do my best in performing any task designated to me. Professional development and trainings are essential for these will hone my skills and add to my knowledge as a professional. Seminars, symposiums and conventions are important in the growth of a professional. Throughout my career, I will be attending such trainings. Organizational Aims and Social Responsibility Any organization or company has different social responsibilities and societal goals. Any service or product are being produced and released in the market not only for profit, but also to reach an end, complying with standards holding health, safety and welfare of the public as the primary consideration.There are long term and short term aims. Among the long term aim are the improvement of quality of life and preserving peace and order. These are prerequisites of attaining one world. Maintaining an environment conducive to learning and progress is another long term goal any organization should aspire for. For example, a company has a role in generating income for the government through taxes. We know where taxes go, and in general, these are for the general services for the public. Contributing towards a stable national economy would serve one of the most important social responsibilities a company can fulfil. Assuring the public of quality services and goods is another social responsibility. This is a way of giving the public whats due to the public. Another thing, the companys credibility lies in the quality of the goods and services it is able to render.Generating jobs for people is also one important organizational aim. As far as I am concerned, it is the duty of the government to have companies that will cater the need for decent jobs. Populations with a big percentage of the non-working force may, at some points, be inefficient when it comes to generating income particularly for the nations economy. Being able to do so will also contribute to a healthy economy. Organizations Ethical Analysis According to McGinn (1991), any ethical issue or conflict, whether or not they are connected to developments in science and technology, can be analyzed and clarified putting into consideration four factors pertinent to ethical decision and judgment making about actions, practices, and policies. Let us examine some portion of the book taking to account some real life situations. First are the facts of matter. The facts of the situation underlying or surrounding the conflict in question should be considered. Any ethical principle should be ascertained as to whether or not any persuasive accounts of the facts of matter are developed by neutral parties. Thus, comments and feedback from other non-conflicting affiliations should be considered and carefully taken into account. Facts are essential in gathering the reasons, strategies and methods in order to make some plans of the organization possible. Another methodology employed by any organization is the consideration of affected parties with a legitimate stake in the outcome of any principle being or about to be employed. All protectable interests of any stakeholder should be delineated and the relative weights and assigned free of bias.Identification of key concepts, criteria and principles in terms of which the ethical principle to be assessed is formulated is another consideration.The fourth type of assessment method employed is that ethical principles often involve two quite distinct kinds of decision making theories and arguments. Professional Ethics I Affirm Ethical principles are directly related with the personal conduct for these are essential in the upholding and advancing integrity, honour, and dignity of the profession.I affirm my companys thrust in upholding and advancing the integrity, honour, and dignity of the profession by being honest and impartial and serving with loyalty and fidelity our employers, our clients, and the public. My organizational ethics require me to strive in increasing the competence and prestige of my profession and be able to use my knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare. No organizational structure is perfect, though. Change in culture can be implemented for as long as the purpose, mission, vision, and objectives are clear. The points that can be changed may be further improved if the pertinent issues are to be discussed, analyzed and considered.According to Hartness and Eskelin (1993) in The 24-Hour Turn-Around, if one does not know where he/she is headed, he/she will never recognize the destination even when he/she gets there. In order to achieve desired organizational culture change, goals must be set and specific means should be drafted in order to get to the needed end. Goals set should be specific and workable. One will never know how to get a task done if he/she does not have specific goals. Likewise, such goals should be measurable. Quantitative means of measure are often more reliable than qualitative ones. It is important to aim for things that have high purpose, but being able to mark progress in relation to the purpose is almost impossible. Taking responsibility, if I may reiterate is essential. One should recognize that a personal goal is his own, not anyone elses. When we commit ourselves to it, the chances of success improve enormously. References Hartness, J. And Eskelin, N. (1993) The 24-Hour Turn-Around. Baker Book House Company, Grand Rapids, MI. (p. 29-35) McGinn, R. (1991). Science, Technology, and Society. Prentice Hall Incorporated, New Jersey. Timmerhaus, K., Peters, M. And West, R. (2004). Plant Design for Chemical Engineers Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York. Toler, S. (2002). What Makes a Leader: Keys to Achieving your Goals. Cook Communications Ministry, Colorado, USA.

buy custom Military Changes Then and Now essay

buy custom Military Changes Then and Now essay Introduction To some several Americans, they have known only one part of life; being part of the military. Generations of male family members and now females have been moving from one base to another being part of the armed forces. These men and women have protected the country during times of unrest. Different changes have been effected in the military over the years. This paper will examine the military history from then and now. The changes Todays military is of course very different from that of our great grandfathers and those who came before them. Presently, there are greater options for the military members unlike in the past. The advancements come in such areas as education, the decision to allow women to hold combat positions, allowing black women to serve in the military, private sector employment. The state of housing for the military has also changed. There have been several changes throughout in terms of housing. The military housing sector has I fact advanced in great leaps and bounds. The old days barracks have been replaced with modern accommodations. These modern units are full featured installations with a sports arena and other recreational opportunities on the ground. They also contain family support areas like those in education, medicine, and counseling (Adams, G). History of the Battle Dress Uniform The Battle Dress Uniform otherwise known in short as the BDU has been used by the military and from 1981 to 2005 has been the same. Initially there were two types of the BDU which were designed for hot weather and the other for temperate weather. The hot weather type had a coat and a pant made up of 100 percent cottn while for temperate made of a nylon and cotton blend. These uniforms were criticized for easy fraying. They were later replaced in 1996 with an enhanced hot weather BDU. With constant ongoing research, better BDUs have been created. Modern BDUs for example use a dye that prevents detection from NIIC (Near Infrared Image Converters) which helps soldiers to avoid detection by allowing them to blend with the surrounding (Kelly, E). Over the years, the military has embraced several changes on recruitment of members to the service. Then, it was so controversial to integrate blacks into military. Things have changed so fast that now black women have, although it is a work in progress, these women can now and largely serve in the military alongside the men. And also for the first time recently, the first female submariners are now training, a great obstacle they have overcome which was unthinkable of in the past. Then the official policy of the US military since the civil war was to keep the white and Negro races segregated. In fact Negro soldiers were assigned to Negro units as they were regarded as being unsuitable for combat. But now the situation is different as even the commander in chief is a black, President Obama who is the US president. (Time CNN). The military has thus earned a reputation as a meritocracy where minorities as well as women can flourish. Another change is the repeal of the DADT policy otherwise better known as the dont ask dont tell policy. Gays and lesbians now serve openly in the military. This is a new social challenge that has not been there. In 1993, President Bill Clinton signed the US military dont ask dont tell policy that prohibited anyone demonstrate(s) a propensity or intent to engage in homosexual acts" from serving in the armed forces because "it would create an unacceptable risk to the high standards of morale, good order and discipline, and unit cohesion that are the essence of military capability." (Johnson, R.). The DADT policy banned all military lesbian, gay and bisexual members from openly serving in the military. A bill was later introduced into the house and repealing the DADT. In December 2010, the bill was passed and now all these diverse sexual oriented groups can now openly serve in the military (Religious tolerance). Last but not least we examine the military satellite communications, then and now. According to Mak King, the Military satellite communications have become so essential that the military have to use them during combats. In the past though, satellite communications was not as important as it is today. But over the years, there has been increased demand for capacity and this has called for improved satellite designs. New improved satellite communications have been developed to combat higher level crimes and this has been possible with technology advancements over the years (King, M. and Riccio, M.). Conclusion Over the years, the phase of the military has undergone leaps and bounds to change its face and its operations. Several aspects have changed over time and this include; their housing units and standards, allowing minorities and women to serve in the military and even higher ranks, lifting of the DADT which now allows gays and lesbians to serve openly in the military and last but not least is the improvement of communications tools used to combat crime and this has been made possible thanks to technology advancements. Of special interest is also the BDUs which have been changed to prevent detection from NIIC (Near Infrared Image Converters. Buy custom Military Changes Then and Now essay

Critical Theory of International Relations and Neorealism Essay

Critical Theory of International Relations and Neorealism - Essay Example Neorealism show the triumph of social control and structure in defining international relations. The international structure provides a constraint on state actions and although essentially the international structure is decentralised and anarchic, states strive for survival, security and balance of power (Dougherty 2001). Neorealism thus emphasises structural constraints over social perceptions and collective motivations and is more constrained in its explanations of IR. On the other hand, critical theories of international relations would focus on a critical study of IR which would emphasise on origin, development and nature of historical structures of IR. Critical theories of international relations are oriented to critiquing and changing society considering wide perspectives derived from Kantian and Marxian traditions which aim to consider historical and social perspectives within a theory. According to Marxist theories, capital accumulation and explanation of international systems on the basis of such integrated capiatlist approaches is at the focus of socialist concerns. Marxist theories see colonialism as a method of capital accummulation as captive markets show new forms of dependence on more developed countries. Marxist theories suggest that developed countries penetrate developing countries with missionaries, military power, multinational companies and political advisors to integrate these economies into a larger capitalist system. Within the context of developing societies being exploited considering their markets, natural resoruces and raw materials, Marxist theories also use the concept of social class with individuals comprising of the higher class of society being exploitative of the lower class using the sole aim of capital accumulation (Linklater 1990, Burchill 1996). Another critical theory would be social constructivism which gives an epistemological dimension to postpositivist theories and lies in between positivist and postpositivist perspectives. Social constructivism focuses not on the economic aspects, unlike Marxism but on the theory of social ideas or perception showing that international structure constitutes identities and interests of state. The focus of social constructivism is on the state and actions of the state and as constructvism suggests that views and ideas are constructed, social constructivism deals with human experience and social perception. Social constructivism is of the contention that all knowledge of reality including race and gender are actively created by social relationships and interactions and that all meaning are derived from social structures (Brown, 2001, Taylor 1978). The emphasis is thus on society, social meaning and social activity giving meaning to social interactions and reality. Critical constructivism would argue that all proof or fact as seen in empirical research as in natural sciences could be considered as a social or

The Impacts Of Ski Resorts On The Surrounding Environment Essay

The Impacts Of Ski Resorts On The Surrounding Environment - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the rise in tourism, and the resultant environmental and ecological inconsistencies arising out of the same, has led to an increased concern regarding the sustainability of the tourist destinations, as well as the surrounding environment. Governments, across the globe, are now increasingly and actively participating in efforts directed towards promoting eco-tourism, with a view to ensure maximum protection to the tourist destinations and to reduce the adverse environmental impacts arising out of increased human activities. There is now an increased emphasis on developing and implementing sustainable practices in ski-resorts particularly owing to the increase in ski tourism over the years. This is because Ski resorts which are mainly developed in mountainous regions where the impact of human activities is far more adverse as compared to other tourism destinations located at lower altitudes. For the purpose of this study, two qualitative research methods will be used, namely Literature review and Case study. The literature review will help in laying a basic foundation for the study, with a complete and comprehensive description of the prototypical sustainability measures that have been and can be undertaken at various levels to ensure the protection of wildlife habitat in and around ski-resorts. The validity of the claims made and observations as seen in the literature review can then be tested by way of case studies and comparing the same with other available information on ski resorts. Potential Ecological Impacts over the surroundings: The increase in human activity in mountainous regions, have contributed to the rise in global warming, primarily owing to the adverse environmental impacts caused by the development and construction of ski resorts. The constant rush of tourists, and the over the use of natural resources at popular ski resorts, take a toll on the surrounding environment, disturbing the natural habi tat in the process. Furthermore, the increasing popularity of ski resorts attracts tourists in hordes, thus leading to an increased pressure on the natural resources by way of increased demand and consumption of water, energy, and other natural resources, thus further raising deep concerns regarding its sustainability in the long run. Ski resorts, rely heavily on energy to lift and pump water to high altitudes, provide drinking water, operate heavy machinery, and fuel vehicles used for transportation. Furthermore, there are concerns regarding soil degradation caused by construction and constant human activities in ski resorts; leading to loss of vegetation, soil erosion and may lead to increased chances of floods. Flora and fauna are deeply affected due to activities such as the construction of ski slopes. The surrounding environment and the natural habitat of fauna are disturbed due to increased sound levels and noise pollution caused by tourists. Ecological Impacts on the birds' h abitat Almost all types of aspects of tourism have a direct or indirect impact on the wildlife in the surrounding areas.

Major Events during World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Major Events during World War II - Essay Example Rising to power by Adolf Hitler in the year 1933 reestablished the German army and prepared it well to participate in a war of invasion. Events took place during the World War II. Prior to the real war, growing of tension took about three years, which include the union of Germany and Austria, incursion of Czechoslovakia and Spanish Civil war. The result was the invasion of Poland by German army; war on Germany was declared just two days after the German attack on Poland by Britain and France. United States played a role in supplying Britain with war weapons but they did not take part in it (Alleman). Tripartite Pact Tripartite Pact was created and signed between Germany, Italy and Japan in 1940 with an aim of fostering peace among themselves and the entire world. The threes governments believed that in fostering peace, they would maintain a systematic way of doing things, promote partnership and prosperity among its people. In addition, it is the mandate of the three countries to col laborate with other countries in the globe. These countries in agreement, both recognize and respect the leadership of each country so that they could create new order of things in Europe and Middle Asia (Robinson). They also confirmed that their agreement had no impact on the political status that existed then between the constricting authorities and soviet Russia. The three countries agreed that the validity of the pact was to take effect immediately it was signed and was to last for ten years from the day of signing. Renewal of the pact would depend on negotiations between any of the countries and high constricting authorities. The Lend-Lease Act Lend-Lease Act was a United States Federal Government plan during World War II which was passed on March 11 1941. President Roosevelt authorized the act. United States provided this service with the aim of defending its country from external attacks as well as for economic benefits. This act provided United States with the ability to sup ply war materials and other resources to associated nations while it acted on neutral grounds (Kellogg p.330). The act was based on cash and carry grounds as a result of mutual understanding as a result of weak economic power of England which was unable to purchase and provide transport means for the materials which came to an end in 1945. Attack of Pearl Harbor Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor on the 7th day of December 1941which was the base of about 50000 American military; highest concentration of United States army was. Japanese carriers and ships that escorted the carriers positioned themselves some miles away from the target area and instigated its first group of fighters, bombers, and war planes. Their main aim was to destroy the U.S fleets; the battle ships, carriers and the aircraft (Gropman p.11). Many U.S soldiers were killed, the Pacific fleet of the U.S was damaged although temporarily, which was a success to the Japanese. It was out of this that United States of America affirmed war on Japan (Robinson). Battle of the Coral Sea In May 1942, battle of the Coral Sea was experienced. It was battled in the waters and was the first among the six pacific wars, which was between conflicting aircraft transporter military. The battle was as a result of the Japanese

Marketing Is The Life Blood Of Any Organisation Marketing Essay

Marketing Is The Life Blood Of Any Organisation Marketing Essay When people think of marketing, most would immediately think of it as a business trying to get the consumer to purchase its products. However the concept of marketing and the marketing process is much more complex than that assumption. Today, practically everything is marketed to some degree. The marketing of goods is the most obvious one, however you can consider places to be marketed, think of the government ministers mass exodus every saint patricks day under the guise of marketing Ireland to the rest of the world! Organizations, such as colleges and universities market themselves to prospective students. Sporting events such as the Cheltenham race festival or the six nations rugby engage in marketing. Even people are marketed as Kotler points out, some people have done a masterful job of marketing themselves- think of Madonna, Oprah Winfrey, the Rolling Stones, Aerosmith and Michael Jordan (Kotler, 2006 p8) The American Marketing Association defines marketing to be marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large AMA. (2007) Definition of Marketing. Available: http://www.marketingpower.com/aboutama/pages/definitionofmarketing.aspx Last Accessed 10 March 2010. As I previously stated the process of marketing is much more than a vendor trying to convince a consumer to purchase their product. It is about delivering value to the consumer, satisfying customer needs, meeting or exceeding customer expectations, creating strong brand identity, winning new customers and retaining current ones and companies being able to adapt to changing market conditions. The process of marketing occurs in a dynamic environment (Bradfield, 2010), that is constantly changing, however a core concept in the marketing process is the so called marketing mix or the 4 ps of marketing, first referred to by Jerome McCarthy in 1960. Available: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkBvzS_fJ2gfeature=related Last Accessed 11 March 2010. The marketing mix refers to product, price, place and promotion. When you talk of a product or service, you have to offer a product that fits the need of the consumer. Today, consumers have more choice than previous generations and are more demanding. It should satisfy other criteria such as product durability, product differentiation, i.e. what makes your product stand out from the crowd, what features does your product have, is there after sales care/warranties etc. The price of the product being offered has to take into account how much customers are willing to pay for your product and for the producer to make a profit. This is a dif ficult question to answer as a product that is priced too high in relation to other products may not sell well, however sometimes a higher price in the minds of consumers equals better quality for which some consumers are prepared to pay a premium for. But on the other hand a product that is priced too low, possibly on the assumption that it will win on price alone, may not sell well either as it is considered inferior to other similar products due to its low price. The place in the marketing mix is all about how the product or service gets to the consumer. It must be convenient for the consumer to access the product. This element of the mix is evident in the rise of businesses like Amazon.com that allow consumers to shop for goods 24/7 and have the goods delivered to them. And the last element of the mix, promotion refers to how the consumer is made aware that the product exists, of the benefits it can bring to them and the value of the product. As I said at the beginning of the paragraph marketing occurs in a dynamic environment and marketing thought is constantly changing. It must be pointed out however as Gareth Morgan shows in his book Riding the waves of change, that the 4ps takes the view from that of the producer, in that everything in it is from their point of view. Whereas marketing thought today tends to put the consumer at the centre and everything is geared towards meeting their needs rather than that of the producer. From a marketers point of view, it is impossible to satisfy everyone all of the time so marketers engage in what is called market segmentation. A market segment consists of a group of customers who share a similar set of needs and wants.(Kotler, 2006 p240) When marketers identify a market segment they can they target their efforts on that group. Markets can be broken up on a number of different basis. The process of market segmentation In marketing a product or service an organization can follow a mass marketing strategy or it can use the process of market segmentation. The mass marketing strategy(tied into the production concept, which I will detail in the next section) is probably now an outdated method of marketing for most products due to the sheer variety on offer to consumers. In pursuing a mass marketing strategy, a company targets a market as whole and offers the one product or service to the whole market. The company hopes for higher profits by engaging in mass production and mass distribution techniques, thereby lowering its overall costs. Examples of previous mass marketing strategies was Coca Cola who at first only produced one size bottle of coke. (Kotler, 2003, p279) The market segmentation process is what is practiced more commonly today. A market segment consists of a group of customers who share a similar set of wants. (Kotler, 2003,p279) In defining a market segment, Kotler talks of a seven step process. The first step is to group customers who have a similar needs. For example with cars you can identify groups who have a need for people carriers. The next step is for each identifiable market segment to break it down further by classing it according to other variables such as demographics(gender, race, age etc), behavioral patterns(usage, user status etc), and geographic variables. The third and fourth step combined is to take each segment that has been broken down and to establish how attractive each segment is to the organization based on factors such as profitability and segment size. Step five, after identifying a particular segments unique needs, the company must set forth a set of benefits to satisfy those needs (The product of the marketing mix) and it must determine a price for the product. The sixth step is to determine the attractiveness of each segments positioning strategy and finally to expand the positioning strategy to include the whole marketing mix. Marketing Concept The marketing process is all about the customer. The philosophy that the customer is king and is the core of the business. Kotler again speaks of six competing concepts under which the process of marketing is carried out. They are the production concept, product concept, marketing, selling, customer and societal concepts. The production concept is as I said previously tied in with mass marketing. The production concept does not take into account the consumers needs, rather it focuss on building a product and then trying to sell this to the consumer. The production process favors low cost due to high volume manufacturing. The product concept concentrates on building better quality products, with more features in the belief that is what consumers want. The selling concept is probably the concept most people equate with marketing. This is where a producer actively tries to sell its goods/services to consumers through advertising and aggressive selling. The risk with the selling concept is producers hope that consumers who do fall for the hard sell, will actually like the product. Obviously consumers may like the product and return to do more business but on the other hand they may hate it and actually bad mouth the product to friends. The marketing concept is more customer orientated than the previous concepts. Here the customer is king and everything the business does is centered on the needs of the customer. Marketing Plan BarryDoyleDesign Jewelers 1.Executive Summary Barry Doyle Design(BDD) Jewelers is a husband and wife operation that has been in business for several years. Barry has learned the trade from his father whilst Adrianna is a qualified gemologist. It specializes in custom made high end jewelery as well as holding a range of contemporary and Celtic themed stock jewelery. The business has targeted the wedding sector quite successfully in the past and through its website is also chasing international customers, especially those of Irish ancestry who would be interested in its Celtic line. 2. Situation Analysis BDD Jewelers products have been very well received and they have a percentage of returning customers. To grow the market, product awareness is called for through marketing at trade exhibitions and wedding fairs, an upgraded web site and a more visible shop location, funds permitting. The key target markets are couples seeking to marry, individuals looking for a unique product and those who make one off purchases for special occasions etc and to expand the business through targeting of galleries willing to stock the production jewelery. Due to the weakness of the US Dollar against the Euro in the last year, international sales has been slow, however with the expectant rise in the US economy that situation is expected to revert to past positive performance. The wedding market remains stable with modest growth forecast for the next year. 3. Market Demographics Due to the the firms use of the Internet, it has no defined geographical area. However a rough estimate is that 70% is from the domestic market while 30% make up the international side. The customer base is evenly split between men and women. The largest age group who make a purchase is those in the 25-40 bracket and in the middle to high income bracket. 3.1 Market Needs BDD Jewelers provides its customers with a wide variety of jewelery. As a business it seeks to provide to its customers jewelery of the highest craftsmanship coupled with unique and contemporary designs. A first class after sales service is provided, jewelery resizing and jewelery repair. 4. SWOT Analysis Strengths Good reputation among customers Central location Quality Workmanship Good access and relationship with suppliers Weaknesses Poor shop visibility Limited marketing budget in comparison to larger retailers Due to business size possible problems in meeting supply requirements Opportunities Government incentives for small business Threats Economic slowdown can have a negative effect on the amount of discretionary income people have for luxury items Inferior quality products 5. Market Assumptions The fore casted market growth in the sector for the the next 3 to 5 years is 9%. The threat of new custom made jewelers to the market remains small, due in part to the high skill involved and start up costs, however the larger jeweler chains may become more aggressive in their pricing and marketing which could affect sales of our stock production lines. 6. Strategic Intent The businesses core marketing objectives over the next year is to make inroads into getting the stock production line into third party retailers such as niche high end jewelers (galleries)and to develop the wedding market with more visible promotion of the business at wedding fares. An overhaul of the website is required to make it look more appealing. In the mid to long term, a new future premises is needed(most likely in the same general area) with more exposure to pedestrian traffic. With projected growth in the business, the employment of more skilled craftsmen to met demand for the custom designed jewelery side of the business. The possibility of forming partnerships with Irish distributors in the US market with the help of the IDA. 7. Marketing Mix Strategies BDD Jewelers marketing mix is made up of the following A. Product..Will strive to produce the highest custom made jewelery alongside a more affordable yet equally high quality range of stock jewelery. B. Price..Will vary according to specific customer requirement such as gemstones for the setting or the level of detail required. In the stock range, price is comparable to major retailers. C. Promotion..Due to high return for custom designs, it is felt that an increased marketing campaign be engaged upon. This will be achieved through magazine advertising, networking, website links, the yellow pages and trade/fashion shows. D. Place..For internationally received orders, delivery is via UPSFedEx express delivery. Domestic orders can also be shipped with tracking or can be picked up in store. 8. Sales Forecast In year one, months 1 to 3 will be spent trying to establish a foothold within the gallery market. It is expected after month 3 sales to this sector will begin incrementally. Within a three month period sales will be rising also in the wedding market sector due to an increase in the visibility of the business at wedding fairs and an advertising campaign in magazines etc. 9. Implementation In order to achieve desired results, the following milestones must be met on time and in budget. A. The development of the plan B. Identify the channels to be used in the marketing plan C. Establish a review process

Childrens Comprehension of Television Messages Essay -- Children Tele

Children's Comprehension of Television Messages The literature surveyed so far regarding children's attention to television has relied on observation of visual attention by the child viewers. Measures of visual attention alone do not provide an indication of what aspects of the message children are extracting from the television screen. In order to acquire indications of this, researchers have relied on post-viewing measures of children's recognition and recall of information from the program. This research will be considered in this section on children's understanding of television messages. Here the concern is not with what children are looking at and listening to, but what they remember from the TV and what meaning the TV content has for them. Much of the research which has adopted a cognitive developmental perspective on studies of children and television has examined children's comprehension of television messages. The underlying assumption of these studies is that children bring different cognitive abilities and social experiences to the TV-viewing situation and that these influence how children made sense of the messages. Younger children with more limited inference-making ability are more likely to focus on the consequences of actions rather than the motivations of the actors, and often are shown to construe the television plot line quite differently from children and adults. The way in which children construe meaning from television cannot be directly inferred from cognitive development theory. Cognitive development theory may aid us in describing how children make sense of television, but we should examine children's understanding of television directly. How, then, has cognitive development the... ...hat appropriate learning materials will be developed to teach children about the medium of television, both its programming and advertising content. Such materials should help children overcome their misunderstandings of television messages. By improving the skills children bring to the viewing situation we may be able to moderate the impact television has on the child. NOTES The argument advanced here does not mean to imply, however, that children are as active when watching television as they are when engaged in athletics or doing other sorts of activities. Activity here is relative. Multidimensional scaling is a statistical technique that looks at how subject's ratings of a variety of variables group together; that is, it seeks to determine underlying dimensions which describe the relationship among a set of variables for a given group of subjects.

Of Mice and Men – Isolation – Curley’s Wife

Curley’s wife is the only female on the ranch and is described in a very feminine and incongruous manner, â€Å"full, rouged lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily made-up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers†. The bold, heavily made-up appearance matches her personality as she disguises her true feelings and emotions with lies like the colourful, interesting appearance disguises her lonely, isolated life. As the only woman, she is segregated from the ranch society and Steinbeck makes her seem more isolated and friendless by never giving her a name but being identified as Curley’s possession. She is seen throughout the novella searching constantly for Curley yet this is just an excuse to talk to the other people, â€Å"â€Å"I’m looking for Curley,† she said, her voice had a nasal, brittle quality. † She struggles to create friends or let alone have a civilised conversation with the men on the ranch. She uses this feminine appearance and flirtatious, predatory behaviour in an attempt to communicate and attract attention to herself. However this backfires and leaves her in a no-win situation as her heavily sexualised manner is the key point of criticism amongst the men as they describe her as a â€Å"tart† and â€Å"a piece of jail bait† who, if approached, will only lead to trouble as she can ultimately cause the destruction of their own versions of the ‘American Dream’. Her isolation throughout the novella is caused by her gender, sexual appearance and predatory behaviour.

Contemporary Parallels of The Prince, by Machiavelli essays

Contemporary Parallels of The Prince, by Machiavelli essays From the very first page, Niccolo Machiavellis book, The Prince, contains data that can be compared to the ideals of today. The Prince describes the qualities one needs to be a strong, efficient, and successful ruler. It discusses ways a leader can maintain his kingdom and how to gain control of new land. I believe that the leadership qualities mentioned throughout this book are needed by all leaders no matter which time period they are in and in this paper I intend to show how the principles of yesterday are relevant today. The first quality that I found in Machiavelli, which I could compare to today, is that Machiavelli was a well-rounded individual who had a talent outside of politics. His ability to write helped bring both respect and awe. President Clinton has the same kind of talent. Clintons ability to play the saxophone probably did not win him any votes, but it did help to make him likeable to the American people. This is an important quality because it will help him retain power in the future. Another parallel found in this book is that no leader should have any serious vices. In Machiavellis time, it was important for a person to be virtuous, but no too virtuous. His time was a time of kingdoms and empires so it was important for a person to appeal to the people, to look proper and wholesome. However, if a person appears to virtuous his people will not have faith that he will do whatever it takes to protect the people who live in his kingdom from those trying to take it over. This same quali ty is needed today for a person to be a good leader. In our democratic society it is so very important for a political leader to appeal to the people. If a person does not appear to be virtuous he will not receive votes because people will not feel comfortable with the choices he may make for the country. If a political leader appears to be too virtuous to the people he will not receive votes. In this case he will n...

USTDA1 essays

USTDA1 essays After going to the Tradeport website, I have decided to do my paper on a US federal government agency. I explored a few of the agencies and decided to choose the US Trade and Development Agency. The US Trade and Development Agency (TDA) is a small independent agency. It is comprised of about forty-one people. The director is Mr. J. Joseph Grandmaison, who was nominated by President Bill Clinton. The TDA with the help of the Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee works with the Department of Commerce, the Export-Import Bank, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, and other agencies to advance American business interest in other countries. They are primarily involved in the agriculture, energy, environment, health care, information technology manufacturing, mining and mineral development, telecommunications, transportation, and water resources areas. This is the TDA Mission Statement: The U. S. Trade and Development Agency assists in the creation of jobs for Americans by helping U.S. companies pursue overseas business opportunities. Through the funding of feasible studies, orientation visits, specialized training grants, business workshops, and various forms of technical assistance, we enable American businesses to compete for infrastructure and industrial projects in middle-income and developing countries (1). The TDA funds project planning activities which directly influences the decisions related to major industrial projects. In other words, these are projects that represent millions of dollars in US export potential. TDA works to ensure that the services and products needed for projects will be stamped Made in the USA (How TDA Operates 1). An example of some of the goods and services are radar for airports in Asia and process controls for refineries in Latin America. The TDA is active in over forty countries throughout the world. Sometimes, however, statutory, and policy restraints e...

Introduction to Organisations and Management Essay - 6

Introduction to Organisations and Management - Essay Example In this work, we assess two organizations from the perspective of the science of organisations and management. As we make the assessment, we identify some of the most useful lessons from the module. The objectives of this work are as follows: 1. Compare two firms and use concepts and perspectives from the science of organisations and management that are useful for comparing and assessing the firms. 2. Analyze firm operations using perspectives from organisations and management. 3. Apply the relevant concepts and perspectives from organisations and management in forwarding recommendations on the how problems and situations articulated on the two firms can be addressed. In the discussion, we use a report rather than an essay format. In our analysis, we are also informed by the theories discussed in Module BB115007S conducted by Ms. H. McIntosh of the Anglia Ruskin University. 2.0. Overview on the Firms Being Compared 2.1. The two firms being assessed and compared in this work are Watso ns Engine Components and H&M Consulting. The two business organisations are disparate. 2.2. Watsons Engine Components is a family-owned company engaged in mass-producing parts for car engines. Its plant is in northeast England. The firm employs 200 people, comprising of 125 semi-skilled production workers, 15 clerical workers, 20 technical staff, and 40 managers. The plant is â€Å"highly unionised† with one union for the manual and clerical staff. There is a long history of poor relations between the union and management marked by industrial actions. Watsons has been described as successful in maintaining market share in the last several years. However, car manufacturing firms who are Watsons’ customers are in a highly competitive environment and have the option to get their supplies from abroad. Watsons is encountering the following challenges: order times are getting short, contract prices are becoming lower, and quality standards are becoming higher. Despite the ab ility to maintain a market share, maintaining its market share is a continuing challenge for Watsons in a globalized market. Watsons plant is small and â€Å"relatively old-fashioned†. Yet, at the same time, the firm is described to have â€Å"sufficient capital† to replace some of its machinery and technological systems. 2.3. Meanwhile, H&M Consulting is â€Å"a large global management, engineering and development consultancy.† The company has grown through merger and acquisitions. At first, H&M was established from the merger of two consultancy firms. Later on, H&M purchased several companies in the Romania, the Netherlands, and the USA. H&M Operations now cover 120 countries employing 13,000 staff. The company is in transport, energy, buildings, water, the environment, health, education, and communications. H&M Consulting caters to clients in both the private and public sectors. 2.4. A part of the explanation on why the two firms differ in their management an d organization is in their business orientation: one firm is global and the other tends to transact with local clients and belongs to an old industry in the United Kingdom. Of course, this does not mean that all firms oriented to the local market are managed along traditional lines. Students of management are exposed to various schools of modern thought. Unfortunately, some of the

Business Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Business Management - Essay Example The present discourse is an in-depth evaluation of operations management from a strategic operations management perspective. Hence, establishing a link between operations strategy and corporate strategy will help in analyzing how and what competitive priorities are chosen by organisations. Further, key management functions such as planning, controlling, coordinating, and leadership are applied to operations management. These aspects of operations management are studied taking the example of the Toyota Production System. Operations refer to all the activities performed by an organisation in order to produce products or services. Management of these activities directly related to the production of goods and services is termed as operations management. For example, activities related to banking, transportation, shipping, and manufacturing of goods or products such as automobiles, food items, textiles etc all constitute operations management (Chase Jacobs & Aquilano, 2005). ... roduction, planning and designing production processes of goods and services, and also effective integration of marketing, finance, human resources management and strategy which facilitate the business to enter the market and also compete with both new and existing organisations in the market. In other words, operations management helps the firm to establish itself and also provide operational capabilities that promote its success and sustainability. Operations management involves complex processes that are interdependent; the core processes involve capacity planning, supply management, inventory management, quality and efficiency, technology and systems and human resources management. Theoretical aspects of operations management in manufacturing and service industries constitute a combination of three distinct functions, strategic functions, tactical functions and operational planning and control functions (Chase et al, 2005). The main management functions such as planning, organisi ng, controlling and leadership are applicable to operations management. Main operational processes in operations management include planning, production, purchasing or inventory management, supply chain management, distribution and marketing. All operations functions are strategically aligned to its larger or strategic business goals. Thus, operations functions are designed based on strategic decisions that match the organisational strategies (Heizer & Render, 2008). These strategic decisions are referred to as operations strategies. These strategic decisions define the conditions in which operations will be carried out in short and long terms. Operations strategies are the total pattern of decisions which shape the long-term capabilities of an operation and their contribution to overall